The Mamluks in Egyptian and Syrian Politics and Society by Michael Winter

There follows a period of relative recovery, with a return to normality and periods of brilliance, even as the factors of decline (demographic stagnation in particular) continued to exercise their effects.' Next comes a period of crisis starting with the great plague epidemic of 1348, encompassing Tamerlane's expedition, which brought ruin to Syria and decline to Egypt, and ending with the crisis of 1403 and the disastrous reign of Faraj. A chronological division responsive to the vagaries of history seems preferable: first, a period of expansion and prosperity, encompassing particularly the reign of Nasir Muhammad, which may be said to end conveniently (if somewhat arbitrarily) in 1348. 'The traditional division of the Mamluk period into a Bahri/Turkish dynasty (1250-1382) and a Burji/Circassian one (1382-1517) is an inheritance from medieval chroniclers, but it corresponds to no fundamental changes in the organization of the Mamluk state or in Egypt's fortunes. 'Barquq's reign (1382-1399) was relatively prosperous.'

♠ Peak Date ♣ 1348 CE ♥ Just prior to the arrival of the plague and the 'Great Crisis'. State of Turkey or Dawla_al-Turkiyya 'The second dynasty took the dynastic name of Circassian Mamluks (also Burji Mamluks, from the word for castle) (1382-1517).' In contemporary sources 'Dawlat al-Atrak': Empire of the Turks. Dawlat al-Atrak and/or Dawla_al-Turkiyya. ♠ Alternative names ♣ Turkish Dynasty Mamluk Sultanate Bahri Dynasty Empire of the Turks Dawlat al Atrak State of Turkey Dawla al Turkiyya Circassian Mamluks Burji Mamluks Mamluk Sultanate Bahri Dynasty State of Turkey Dawla al Turkiyya ♥ Turkish Dynasty. ♠ Original name ♣ Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II ♥ ♠ RA ♣ Edward A L Turner ♥ ' these codes were reviewed at Seshat Workshops, Oxford 20' Phase I Variables (polity-based) General variables 2.3.2 Normative Ideological Aspects of Equity and Prosociality.2.1.1 Limits on Power of the Chief Executive.

1.2.6 Specialized Buildings: polity owned.

The Mamluks in Egyptian and Syrian Politics and Society by Michael Winter